K A Thomas1. 1. Department of Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7262, USA. kthomas@u.washington.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare sleep-wake patterns of breastfed and formula-fed preterm infants. DESIGN: Data were taken from an exploratory study of infant biorhythm maturation. Parents completed a 24-hour diary of infant Sleep, Awake, and Cry states and feedings, recorded at 30-minute intervals. Infant health data were collected from medical records and parents' reports. SETTING: Infants were studied in the home after discharge from a neonatal intensive-care unit. PARTICIPANTS: The convenience sample included 12 breastfed and 25 formula-fed preterm infants (gestational age, 26-33 weeks; corrected postnatal age, 4-6 weeks). Groups were comparable in terms of gestational age, postnatal age, Apgar scores, maternal age, and home environment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The 24-hour recording period was divided into day (0600-1800) and night (1800-0600). Study variables were Day, Night, and 24-hour Sleep, Awake, and Cry. RESULTS: Breastfed preterm infants exhibited more Day Cry and 24-hour Cry than did formula-fed infants. Infants demonstrated a diurnal pattern in Cry, Awake, and Sleep. Breastfed preterm infants cried approximately 1 hour per day more than formula-fed infants. CONCLUSION: Preterm breastfed infants experienced more cry than did formula-fed infants. The relationship between feeding method and sleep-wake pattern has implications for supporting lactation as well as for research design.
OBJECTIVE: To compare sleep-wake patterns of breastfed and formula-fed preterm infants. DESIGN: Data were taken from an exploratory study of infant biorhythm maturation. Parents completed a 24-hour diary of infant Sleep, Awake, and Cry states and feedings, recorded at 30-minute intervals. Infant health data were collected from medical records and parents' reports. SETTING:Infants were studied in the home after discharge from a neonatal intensive-care unit. PARTICIPANTS: The convenience sample included 12 breastfed and 25 formula-fed preterm infants (gestational age, 26-33 weeks; corrected postnatal age, 4-6 weeks). Groups were comparable in terms of gestational age, postnatal age, Apgar scores, maternal age, and home environment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The 24-hour recording period was divided into day (0600-1800) and night (1800-0600). Study variables were Day, Night, and 24-hour Sleep, Awake, and Cry. RESULTS: Breastfed preterm infants exhibited more Day Cry and 24-hour Cry than did formula-fed infants. Infants demonstrated a diurnal pattern in Cry, Awake, and Sleep. Breastfed preterm infants cried approximately 1 hour per day more than formula-fed infants. CONCLUSION: Preterm breastfed infants experienced more cry than did formula-fed infants. The relationship between feeding method and sleep-wake pattern has implications for supporting lactation as well as for research design.
Authors: Kristin P Tully; Diane Holditch-Davis; Rosemary C White-Traut; Richard David; T Michael O'Shea; Victoria Geraldo Journal: J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs Date: 2015-11-25