AIMS: Previous studies have suggested that the self-reporting of smoking amongst diabetic patients is unreliable, and that objective markers such as breath carbon monoxide (CO) or urinary cotinine are needed. As these studies have been mostly in young Type 1 diabetic patients, the reliability of smoking history has been assessed in a large group of older Type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-nine Type 2 diabetic patients were investigated for smoking habits by unstructured questionnaire, breath CO, and urinary ratio. RESULTS: Mean age of the group was 63 (range 30-80) years and 41% were female. Direct questioning suggested 77 (26%) to be smokers, and of these 852 had raised (>1 microg/mg) urinary cotinine-creatinine , and 71% raised (>8 p.p.m.) breath CO. Assuming urinary cotinine-creatinine as the 'gold standard', the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values for questionnaire were 97%, 95% and 85%, respectively; and for breath CO they were 74%, 98%, and 93%. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that at least in this population of Type 2 diabetic patients, a structured smoking history appeared to identify current smokers with good accuracy.
AIMS: Previous studies have suggested that the self-reporting of smoking amongst diabeticpatients is unreliable, and that objective markers such as breathcarbon monoxide (CO) or urinary cotinine are needed. As these studies have been mostly in young Type 1 diabeticpatients, the reliability of smoking history has been assessed in a large group of older Type 2 diabeticpatients. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-nine Type 2 diabeticpatients were investigated for smoking habits by unstructured questionnaire, breath CO, and urinary ratio. RESULTS: Mean age of the group was 63 (range 30-80) years and 41% were female. Direct questioning suggested 77 (26%) to be smokers, and of these 852 had raised (>1 microg/mg) urinary cotinine-creatinine , and 71% raised (>8 p.p.m.) breath CO. Assuming urinary cotinine-creatinine as the 'gold standard', the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values for questionnaire were 97%, 95% and 85%, respectively; and for breath CO they were 74%, 98%, and 93%. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that at least in this population of Type 2 diabeticpatients, a structured smoking history appeared to identify current smokers with good accuracy.
Authors: Kristi Reynolds; Angela D Liese; Andrea M Anderson; Dana Dabelea; Debra Standiford; Stephen R Daniels; Beth Waitzfelder; Doug Case; Beth Loots; Giuseppina Imperatore; Jean M Lawrence Journal: J Pediatr Date: 2010-12-03 Impact factor: 4.406
Authors: Lydia Roig; Santiago Perez; Gemma Prieto; Carlos Martin; Mamta Advani; Angelina Armengol; Pilar Roura; Josep Maria Manresa; Elena Briones Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2010-02-04 Impact factor: 3.295