Co-morbid factors in trauma patients.

A variety of factors influence the survival of trauma patients including the severity and site of injury, and the timing and quality of care. However, host factors including age and gender have also been reported as independent risk factors that adversely influence outcome. In addition, the presence of co-morbid or pre-existing factors has been shown to increase mortality and morbidity after trauma. This chapter reviews the evidence for these associations and considers their impact on assessment and management of the trauma patient.