Practical considerations for the in vitro production of pig embryos.

The routine maturation, fertilization, and development of pig embryos in vitro has only recently been achieved. Many of the conditions for in vitro production of embryos have been undefined and thus difficult to replicate. The major problems of in vitro production of pig embryos have included maturation of oocytes, both nuclear and cytoplasmic, and development from one-cell to blastocyst. While these barriers have been at least partially overcome there is still a significant problem with polyspermy. Nevertheless, numerous offspring have been produced from in vitro maturation, in vitro fertilization, followed by a brief culture prior to embryo transfer. Here is provided a review of the literature encompassing the current status of the in vitro production of pig embryos.