Current methods for stallion semen cryopreservation: a survey.

Various factors affect the success of AI with frozen-thawed semen in horses. Stallion variability is thought to be one of the major factors, but semen processing and evaluation techniques, thawing protocols, packaging systems and timing of insemination are far from standardized among laboratories. Our objective was to survey current methods for stallion semen cryopreservation used commercially around the world. From the answers to the questions in the survey, we attempted to provide an overview of procedures that are standard as well as those that are used by only few laboratories and to review critically the efficacy of these procedures. Twenty-five questionnaires were sent to individuals or laboratories in 14 countries that were i.v. involved in freezing stallion semen for commercial purposes. Questionnaires were returned from 10/14 countries with 21/25 (84%) of the addresses responding. From the responses, it became evident that most of prefreezing, freezing and thawing and post-thawing processing procedures were far from standardized. The great variety of procedures makes it difficult to accept any of them as reliable. In order to increase the credibility of AI technology in the horse, laboratories need to standardize processing methods as well as the record-keeping systems. In addition, it is evident that no group of research mares is large enough to provide meaningful fertility data. It is therefore imperative to have multicentered collaborative studies to record and disseminate information about methods and the corresponding fertility rate. to gain valuable information and be able to compare different protocols.