Newer approaches to preventing dental caries in children.

Although the incidence of dental caries has shown a general decline during the past few decades, it still remains a significant health problem in children. The role of mutans streptococci in the caries process is discussed, including its transmission from mother to child during a discrete "window of infectivity." Anticipatory guidance--an approach used to better intercept the caries process to prevent it from progressing--is discussed. This program is introduced during infancy and is adapted to the child's particular needs as he or she matures. Anticipatory guidance allows for the implementation of some newer preventive strategies. Following the determination of mutans streptococci levels in at-risk infants and their mothers, a prevention program can be provided to both. Through proper education, various forms of topical fluoride supplementation, and antimicrobial therapy, it is hoped that newer preventive strategies can more effectively reduce the threat of caries at a much younger age than previously possible.