Automated on-line bicarbonate concentrate production: microbiological, chemical and economic benefits.

We all know that "bicarbonate dialysate" became the world wide used fluid for use in haemodialysis and related techniques. To prepare bicarbonate dialysate we actually have to use two separate concentrates: one containing sodium bicarbonate, solely or in combination with other electrolytes other than calcium, and a second concentrate containing mostly all the other electrolytes (sodium, magnesium, potassium, chloride and/or some acetate).