Crystalloid or colloid resuscitation of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock after moderate splenic injury.

Using a standardized moderate splenic injury (MSI) model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, we studied the effect of vigorous crystalloid or colloid fluid resuscitation on the hemodynamic response and survival time in rats. The animals were randomized into 6 groups: group 1 (n = 8) sham-operated, group 2 (n = 10) MSI untreated, group 3 (n = 10) MSI treated with 41.5 mL/kg Ringer's lactate (large-volume Ringer's lactate [LVRL]), group 4 (n = 10) MSI treated with 5 mL/kg 7.5% NaCl (hypertonic saline [HTS]), group 5 (n = 10) MSI treated with 7.5 mL/kg hydroxyethyl starch (HES-7.5), group 6 (n = 10) MSI treated with 15 mL/kg hydroxyethyl starch (HES-15). After MSI, mean arterial pressure (MAP) in group 2 decreased from 105.0+/-5.6 to 64.0+/-12.7 mmHg (P < 0.001) after 60 min. Mean survival time was 157.4+/-28.9 min, and total blood loss was 24.0+/-5.4% of blood volume. LVRL infusion resulted in an early rise in MAP from 75.2+/-8.7 to 96.7+/-9.0 mmHg (P < 0.01), which then rapidly dropped to 43.0+/-9.7 mmHg (P < 0.001) after 60 min. The mean survival time was 140.7+/-22.3 min, and total blood loss was 41.4+/-4.8% (P < 0.05). Total blood loss following HTS infusion was 24.7+/-3.7%, and mean survival time was 177.5+/-18.9 min. HES-7.5 infusion was followed by bleeding of 25.6+/-5.1%, and mean survival time was 181+/-16.1. HES-15 infusion resulted in an increase in blood loss to 48.2+/-7.3% (P < 0.05), and mean survival time of 133.0+/-27.7 min. Large-volume Ringer's lactate (LVRL) or hydroxyethyl starch (HES-15) infusion in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock after moderate splenic injury resulted in a significant increase in intra-abdominal bleeding, but survival time remained unchanged compared with untreated, small-volume HTS-, or HES-7.5-treated animals. The hemodynamic response to large-volume crystalloid or colloid infusion was similar to moderate large-vessel injury.