OBJECTIVE: To analyze changes in frequency of systemic AIDS pathology over time and its relationship to central nervous system pathology. DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 390 AIDS autopsy cases obtained at University of California at San Diego Medical Center from 1982 to 1998 were reviewed retrospectively and linear regression analysis was used to evaluate significance of changes over time. RESULTS: Overall, the frequency of cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium complex decreased, whereas bacterial infections increased and the frequency of fungal infection remained unchanged over time. The frequency of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed an upward trend over time, while the frequency of Kaposi's sarcoma remained unchanged. Following involvement of the lung (84%), the brain continued to be the second most frequently affected organ (63%). Whereas alterations of the brain by opportunistic infections or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed a downward trend, HIV encephalitis continued to be detected in at least 25% of the cases. Cases with advanced HIV-related neuropathology and cases with no HIV involvement of the brain showed significant systemic pathology with opportunistic infections and neoplasms. In contrast, cases with early brain pathology (e.g., lymphocytic meningitis) showed minimal systemic pathology. Overall these trends remained unchanged throughout the total period covered by this study. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that despite the beneficial effects of antiretroviral and anti-opportunistic infection therapy, involvement of the brain by HIV continues to be a frequent autopsy finding.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze changes in frequency of systemic AIDS pathology over time and its relationship to central nervous system pathology. DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 390 AIDS autopsy cases obtained at University of California at San Diego Medical Center from 1982 to 1998 were reviewed retrospectively and linear regression analysis was used to evaluate significance of changes over time. RESULTS: Overall, the frequency of cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Mycobacterium avium complex decreased, whereas bacterial infections increased and the frequency of fungal infection remained unchanged over time. The frequency of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed an upward trend over time, while the frequency of Kaposi's sarcoma remained unchanged. Following involvement of the lung (84%), the brain continued to be the second most frequently affected organ (63%). Whereas alterations of the brain by opportunistic infections or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma showed a downward trend, HIV encephalitis continued to be detected in at least 25% of the cases. Cases with advanced HIV-related neuropathology and cases with no HIV involvement of the brain showed significant systemic pathology with opportunistic infections and neoplasms. In contrast, cases with early brain pathology (e.g., lymphocytic meningitis) showed minimal systemic pathology. Overall these trends remained unchanged throughout the total period covered by this study. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that despite the beneficial effects of antiretroviral and anti-opportunistic infection therapy, involvement of the brain by HIV continues to be a frequent autopsy finding.
Authors: Andrew J Levine; Susan Service; Eric N Miller; Sandra M Reynolds; Elyse J Singer; Paul Shapshak; Eileen M Martin; Ned Sacktor; James T Becker; Lisa P Jacobson; Paul Thompson; Nelson Freimer Journal: Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet Date: 2012-05-24 Impact factor: 3.568
Authors: Ronald A Cohen; Jaroslaw Harezlak; Giovanni Schifitto; George Hana; Uraina Clark; Assawin Gongvatana; Robert Paul; Michael Taylor; Paul Thompson; Jeffery Alger; Mark Brown; Jianhui Zhong; Thomas Campbell; Elyse Singer; Eric Daar; Deborah McMahon; Yuen Tso; Constantin T Yiannoutsos; Bradford Navia Journal: J Neurovirol Date: 2010-02 Impact factor: 2.643
Authors: I Everall; F Vaida; N Khanlou; D Lazzaretto; C Achim; S Letendre; D Moore; R Ellis; M Cherner; B Gelman; S Morgello; E Singer; I Grant; E Masliah Journal: J Neurovirol Date: 2009-09 Impact factor: 2.643
Authors: Jerel Adam Fields; Wilmar Dumaop; Leslie Crews; Anthony Adame; Brian Spencer; Jeff Metcalf; Johnny He; Edward Rockenstein; Eliezer Masliah Journal: Curr HIV Res Date: 2015 Impact factor: 1.581