Regulation of competence for genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae: expression of dpnA, a late competence gene encoding a DNA methyltransferase of the DpnII restriction system.

The chromosomal DpnII gene cassette of Streptococcus pneumoniae encodes two methyltransferases and an endonuclease. One methyltransferase acts on double-stranded and the other on single-stranded DNA. Two mRNAs are transcribed from the cassette. One, a SigA promoter transcript, includes all three genes; the other includes a truncated form of the second methyltransferase gene (dpnA) and the endonuclease gene. The truncated dpnA, which is translated from the second start codon in the full gene, was shown to produce active enzyme. A promoter reporter plasmid for S. pneumoniae was devised to characterize the promoter for the second mRNA. This transcript was found to depend on a promoter that responded to the induction of competence for genetic transformation. The promoter contains the combox sequence recognized by a SigH-containing RNA polymerase. As part of the competence regulon, the dpnA gene makes a product able to methylate incoming plasmid strands to protect them from the endonuclease and allow plasmid establishment. Its function differs from most genes in the regulon, which are involved in DNA uptake. Comparison of R6 and Rx strains of S. pneumoniae showed the temperature dependence of transformation in R6 to result from temperature sensitivity of the uptake apparatus and not the development of competence.