Crystal structure of the protein disulfide bond isomerase, DsbC, from Escherichia coli.

DsbC is one of five Escherichia coli proteins required for disulfide bond formation and is thought to function as a disulfide bond isomerase during oxidative protein folding in the periplasm. DsbC is a 2 x 23 kDa homodimer and has both protein disulfide isomerase and chaperone activity. We report the 1.9 A resolution crystal structure of oxidized DsbC where both Cys-X-X-Cys active sites form disulfide bonds. The molecule consists of separate thioredoxin-like domains joined via hinged linker helices to an N-terminal dimerization domain. The hinges allow relative movement of the active sites, and a broad uncharged cleft between them may be involved in peptide binding and DsbC foldase activities.