Myelodysplasia.

The epidemiology of myelodysplasia, or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), is in evolution. As populations are aging and therapies for cancer are improving, the frequency of this disease is increasing. Recent population surveys and case-control studies are reviewed. Knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis and pathophysiology of MDS is advancing at a remarkable pace and new information on molecular events is presented. The treatment of MDS is complex and highly individualized. Although many patients are older and may have significant co-morbid disease or poor performance status, there are curative options with allogeneic transplantation for selected patients. The recent transplant publications are reviewed. Other investigative treatment approaches, including the use of new chemotherapy agents, growth factor combinations, and antithymocyte globulin appear promising and are reviewed.