Spectral karyotyping and chromosome banding studies of primary breast carcinomas and their lymph node metastases.

Three primary breast tumors and their lymph node metastases were characterized by G-banding, spectral karyotyping (SKY), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In each case, the karyotypic abnormalities detected were similar in the primary tumor and its matched metastasis. Two of the pairs had near-diploid karyotypes with three to four chromosomal aberrations, whereas the third pair had a near-pentaploid chromosome content and many marker chromosomes in the primary tumor and a near-tetraploid chromosome number with almost the same marker chromosomes in the metastasis. SKY and FISH confirmed the karyotypic similarities between the primary tumors and their metastases and, in addition, improved the identification and characterization of marker chromosomes. One of the tumor pairs with near-diploid karyotypes had gain of 8q, 16q, and 17q, whereas the other had gain of 1q and chromosome 8 material in the form of ring chromosomes. The third pair had more complex chromosomal translocations and numerical changes resulting in net gain of material from chromosomes X, 1, 2, 6, 7, 14, 16, 19, and 20, and chromosome arms 8q and 11q, as well as net loss of material from chromosomes 3, 13, 18, 21, and 22. The present study underscores the need to combine conventional chromosome banding and molecular cytogenetic techniques in the cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors.