Chemotherapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Until recently the role of chemotherapy in NSCLC has generally been questioned. Major concerns included marginal activity, considerable toxicity and high cost of this treatment. There has, however, been increasing evidence from individual studies and meta-analyses that chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC is able to increase survival and improve quality of life. In the past few years a series of active drugs (paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, topotecan and irinotecan) with novel mechanisms of action and favourable toxicity profiles have been developed. These agents appear to hold the promise of added therapeutic benefit. In consequence, chemotherapy has currently been considered an important part of the standard treatment in selected patients with advanced NSCLC. Despite recent developments, treatment outcomes in advanced NSCLC remain far from satisfactory, and new effective means are desperately needed if more patients are to enjoy the prospects of long-term survival.