[Relationship between perinatal pathology and refractogenesis, incidence and type of ocular diseases in children].

Three-year-old children with a history of perinatal diseases differed from healthy age-matched children by a higher incidence of ocular diseases (78.9% vs. 21.6% in the control, p < 0.001). These children often presented with severe visual disorders: partial atrophy and hypoplasia of ocular nerves (7.2%), congenital abnormalities in the eyeball membranes (5.2%), retinopathy neonatorum (5.2%), cortical blindness (3.1%), oculomotor disorders (20.8%), and congenital deformations of the eyelids (19.7%). Disorders of refractogenesis in these children presented as a higher incidence of myopia (19.8% vs. 3.8% in the control, p < 0.001) and a shift of the percentage of refraction abnormalities towards myopia. Therefore, all children with a history of perinatal disease should be referred to a group at a high risk of ocular disease.