Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats lose their ability to auto-regulate cerebral blood flow prior to stroke.

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that the loss of cerebral blood flow (CBF) auto-regulation under hypertensive conditions could promote cerebrovascular over-perfusion and haemorrhage formation. The possibility that CBF auto-regulation becomes defective prior to haemorrhagic stroke development was assessed in Wistar- Kyoto stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRsp) and related to the myogenic responsiveness of the cerebrovasculature to pressure.
METHODS: Laser Doppler techniques were used to measure relative CBF in relation to mean arterial pressure (MAP 130-260 mmHg) within the perfusion domains of the middle (MCA) and posterior (PCA) cerebral arteries. The ability of isolated MCAs and PCAs to constrict to a 120 mmHg pressure step (pressure-dependent constriction) was measured using a pressure myograph.
RESULTS: Two weeks prior to stroke, 10-week-old pre-stroke SHRsp exhibited near-constant CBF regulation to a 200 mmHg MAP. Thirteen-week-old pre-stroke SHRsp and age-matched post-stroke SHRsp lost their ability to auto-regulate CBF in the MCA and PCA perfusion domains. CBF increased at a high rate and in a linear manner with MAP. A distinct upper limit to CBF auto-regulation was absent. Pressure-dependent constriction was attenuated prior to stroke, and lost after stroke in isolated MCAs, but not the PCAs, of SHRsp.
CONCLUSIONS: The loss of CBF auto-regulation prior to stroke in SHRsp could enhance cerebral perfusion and facilitate the initiation of haemorrhage. Such dysfunction after stroke could produce secondary haemorrhages. Defects in pressure-dependent constriction cannot fully account for the pattern of CBF auto-regulation loss observed in post-stroke SHRsp.