Heritability, phenotypic and genetic correlations of size and shape of Drosophila mediopunctata wings.

We have studied the morphology of wings of Drosophila mediopunctata employing the ellipse method, a procedure that allows precise descriptions of wing size (SI), wing shape outline (SH), and placement of longitudinal wing veins. We have found that the SH and the points which determine the position of the apices of the third, fourth and fifth longitudinal wing veins show high heritability in nature (the lower bound for the natural heritability is above 0.25). The values found are similar to those obtained for the broad-sense heritabilities (H2) in the laboratory. However, SI and the point which determines the apex of the second longitudinal wing vein showed small lower bounds for heritability in nature, 0.05 and 0.07, respectively, in spite of the high estimates of H2 in the laboratory. These results suggest that size and shape have different genetic properties. We observed a high positive phenotypic correlation between the SH, the fourth and the fifth longitudinal wing veins, which contrasts with a negative correlation between these traits and the second longitudinal vein. That is, as the SH gets longer, the apices of the second and fifth veins become closer to each other. Positive genetic correlations in the field were detected between SH, the fourth and the fifth longitudinal veins and also between the third and the fourth veins.