Laparoscopic surgery after orthotopic liver transplantation.

Laparoscopic surgery is currently a widely accepted approach to several surgical fields because of its advantages in terms of postoperative pain reduction and easy patient recovery. This approach may be useful even in solid-organ transplantation surgery as a diagnostic or treatment procedure in some surgical complications. From July 1991 to December 1998, we performed 142 liver transplantations on 129 patients. During the postoperative period, many complications occurred. Here we report two cases of intestinal occlusion caused by adhesions and three cases of lymphocele, all approached with laparoscopic surgery. In all cases but one, we were able to complete the surgery by laparoscopic means; in one of the two occlusions, the procedure was switched to laparotomy because of a choledochojejunal anastomosis lesion. The three cases of lymphocele must be considered in a particular manner because such cases, to our knowledge, have never been described in the literature. They always presented with a late-onset right pleural effusion and were located in the retrohepatic, retrogastric, and left paracaval areas, close to the esophageal hiatus. In conclusion, we believe a laparoscopic approach is a useful strategy to solve some surgical complications in patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation; however, the use of laparoscopic surgery in this field is strictly connected to the surgeon's experience and versatility.