BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Peri-infarct depolarizations (PIDs) that occur in ischemic boundary zones of the cerebral cortex of experimental animals have been shown to promote rather than simply to indicate the evolution of the lesion and are especially prominent in the rat. To study the influence of one factor, species, on PID incidence, we compared the frequency of PIDs in a primate species, the squirrel monkey, with that in the cat after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Plasma glucose was reviewed as a possible cause of interexperiment variability in the cat experiments. METHODS: In open-skull experiments under chloralose anesthesia, changes in cortical fluorescence believed to indicate NADH/NAD(+) redox state, as markers of PIDs, were recorded by serial imaging of the cortical surface in vivo for 4 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion. RESULTS: Fluorescence transients occurred in squirrel monkeys at a frequency (mean+/-SD) of 0.7+/-0.8 hours(-1) (n=5), which was not significantly less than in that observed in cats (1.3+/-1.6 hours(-1), n=8). Data from the cat experiments indicated a relationship between number of transients (dependent) and plasma glucose, with a striking increase in PID frequency in association with values of mean postocclusion plasma glucose <4.1 mmol/L (Mann-Whitney U=15.0, P=0.034); this observation agrees well with other published findings. CONCLUSIONS: Transient changes in fluorescence strongly suggestive of peri-infarct depolarizations, either transient or terminal, occur and propagate in the ischemic cerebral cortex of a nonhuman primate. The results also suggest that the relationship of frequency of peri-infarct depolarizations with plasma glucose requires further examination, to confirm the finding and to determine a safe lower limit for a target range for control of plasma glucose if insulin is used in the management of patients with cerebral ischemia.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Peri-infarct depolarizations (PIDs) that occur in ischemic boundary zones of the cerebral cortex of experimental animals have been shown to promote rather than simply to indicate the evolution of the lesion and are especially prominent in the rat. To study the influence of one factor, species, on PID incidence, we compared the frequency of PIDs in a primate species, the squirrel monkey, with that in the cat after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Plasma glucose was reviewed as a possible cause of interexperiment variability in the cat experiments. METHODS: In open-skull experiments under chloralose anesthesia, changes in cortical fluorescence believed to indicate NADH/NAD(+) redox state, as markers of PIDs, were recorded by serial imaging of the cortical surface in vivo for 4 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion. RESULTS: Fluorescence transients occurred in squirrel monkeys at a frequency (mean+/-SD) of 0.7+/-0.8 hours(-1) (n=5), which was not significantly less than in that observed in cats (1.3+/-1.6 hours(-1), n=8). Data from the cat experiments indicated a relationship between number of transients (dependent) and plasma glucose, with a striking increase in PID frequency in association with values of mean postocclusion plasma glucose <4.1 mmol/L (Mann-Whitney U=15.0, P=0.034); this observation agrees well with other published findings. CONCLUSIONS: Transient changes in fluorescence strongly suggestive of peri-infarct depolarizations, either transient or terminal, occur and propagate in the ischemic cerebral cortex of a nonhuman primate. The results also suggest that the relationship of frequency of peri-infarct depolarizations with plasma glucose requires further examination, to confirm the finding and to determine a safe lower limit for a target range for control of plasma glucose if insulin is used in the management of patients with cerebral ischemia.
Authors: Russell E Carter; Isamu Aiba; Robert M Dietz; Christian T Sheline; C William Shuttleworth Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab Date: 2010-10-27 Impact factor: 6.200
Authors: Delphine Feuerstein; Andrew Manning; Parastoo Hashemi; Robin Bhatia; Martin Fabricius; Christos Tolias; Clemens Pahl; Max Ervine; Anthony J Strong; Martyn G Boutelle Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab Date: 2010-02-10 Impact factor: 6.200
Authors: Nyika D Kruyt; Geert Jan Biessels; J Hans DeVries; Merel J A Luitse; Marinus Vermeulen; Gabriel J E Rinkel; W Peter Vandertop; Yvo B Roos Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab Date: 2010-07-14 Impact factor: 6.200
Authors: Inna Sukhotinsky; Mohammad A Yaseen; Sava Sakadzić; Svetlana Ruvinskaya; John R Sims; David A Boas; Michael A Moskowitz; Cenk Ayata Journal: J Cereb Blood Flow Metab Date: 2010-01-20 Impact factor: 6.200
Authors: Jens P Dreier; Sebastian Major; Andrew Manning; Johannes Woitzik; Chistoph Drenckhahn; Jens Steinbrink; Christos Tolias; Ana I Oliveira-Ferreira; Martin Fabricius; Jed A Hartings; Peter Vajkoczy; Martin Lauritzen; Ulrich Dirnagl; Georg Bohner; Anthony J Strong Journal: Brain Date: 2009-05-06 Impact factor: 13.501