Relationship between the proportion of capacitated spermatozoa present in frozen-thawed bull semen and fertility with artificial insemination.

The objective of the present study was to confirm the presence of prematurely capacitated spermatozoa in frozen-thawed bull semen and to investigate the relationship of premature capacitation to the fertility of the respective semen. Twenty batches of frozen semen from young AI bulls of the Swedish Red and White breed with known fertility (expressed as 56-day non-return rates; 56 d-NRR) were tested using a Chlortetracycline (CTC) assay to assess capacitation status in frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The status of capacitation, as evidenced in this experiment, was further tested based on the hypothesis that capacitated spermatozoa present in frozen-thawed semen should undergo the acrosome reaction (AR) on co-incubation with homologous zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins. The percentage (mean +/- SEM) of uncapacitated, capacitated and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa in the frozen-thawed semen (n = 20) were 49.3 +/- 11.9, 36.3 +/- 8.3 and 14.2 +/- 11.9, respectively. On co-incubation with ZP, there was a significant increase (p = 0.001) in the proportion of spermatozoa undergoing the AR compared to the control with a concurrent decrease in the proportion of capacitated spermatozoa, suggesting that a proportion of capacitated spermatozoa were undergoing the AR. The proportion of viable, uncapacitated spermatozoa present in the frozen-thawed semen was correlated to the 56 d-NRR (n = 20, r = 0.5, p = 0.03). In conclusion, a proportion of spermatozoa in frozen-thawed semen was capacitated and the proportion of viable, uncapacitated spermatozoa present in semen was positively correlated to fertility.