Development of the adrenal gland in the tropical lizard Calotes versicolor.

The development of the adrenal gland in the lizard Calotes versicolor was studied histologically and histochemically from the day of oviposition (stage 27) to 60 days after hatching. At stage 27, the adrenocortical cells are found in association with the genital ridge (primordial gonad). The separation of adrenocortical cells from the gonad takes place at stage 31. Organization of adrenocortical cells into cords takes place at stage 34. The catecholamine-secreting chromaffin cells can be seen distinctly on the dorsal region of the adrenal at stage 36, indicating the presence of biologically active catecholamines; the noradrenaline-secreting chromaffin cells appear first at stage 36 and the adrenaline-secreting cells appear later at stage 41. The cortico-medullary ratio of 6:1 during early embryonic development decreases with the increase in age and is 3:1 in posthatching lizards. The histochemical localization of Delta(5)-3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the adrenocortical cells as early as at stage 27 (prior to the gonadal differentiation) indicates the capability of these cells to synthesize steroids. The intensity of the enzyme activity is maximum on the day of hatching and remains more or less the same in the posthatching lizards. The localization of 17beta-HSD enzyme activity observed in the adrenocortical cells at stage 34 is suggestive of their ability to synthesize sex steroids during embryonic life. The intense 3beta-HSD activity on the day of hatching in C. versicolor suggests high production of steroids which may be corticoids. The results of the present work also suggest that the onset of steroid secretion occurs prior to catecholamine secretion during embryogenesis of the adrenal gland in C. versicolor. In addition, there is a significant relationship between ontogenic steroidogenesis of the adrenal gland and sexual differentiation of the gonad. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.