Cloning of putative piscine (Sparus aurata) transthyretin: developmental expression and tissue distribution.

cDNA encoding putative transthyretin (prealbumin, TTR) was cloned from liver of the marine fish Sparus aurata. The cDNA contains an open reading frame of 453 nt, encoding for a TTR precursor of 151 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of S. aurata TTR shows identity of 54, 57.3 and 54.1% with lizard, chicken and rat TTR, respectively. Northern blot analysis revealed a TTR transcript of about 700 nt, highly expressed in liver, but also in skin. Low expression was detected in 12 other tissues by using RT-PCR. The ontogeny of TTR expression during early stages of larval development of S. aurata was examined by Northern blot analysis using poly(A+)RNA from larvae collected on different days after hatching. TTR mRNA was seen already on the first day after hatching and its steady-state levels increased from Day 15 onwards. Molecular cloning of a TTR-like cDNA from fish suggests that TTR evolved earlier in vertebrate development than previously thought. Furthermore, its expression in liver exceeds by several-fold that found in brain, yet high expression is also found in skin. These results suggest that in fish, liver is the main site of TTR synthesis, but that TTR may have an important function in fish skin.