Management of respiratory failure in toxic disasters.

Accidental or deliberate release of toxic substances may be a cause of mass casualties, some of which may involve partial or complete respiratory failure. Life support measures may be delayed by the need for containment of the toxic release and decontamination. Advanced life support (ALS) may be provided in such circumstances using the TOXALS protocol. With proper training and equipment, emergency medical personnel can provide effective prehospital care during decontamination of chemical casualties.