P S Chandhoke1, J Fan, D J May, T Yagisawa. 1. Division of Urology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA. pj.chandhoke@UCHSC.edu
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The anatomic site where the initial kidney stone grows to a clinically significant size is unknown. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We studied human forniceal anatomy by microdissection and correlated the anatomic findings with the clinical presentation of kidney stones. In addition, we examined crystal attachment sites within the collecting system by direct infusion of calcium oxalate crystals into the renal pelvis of rabbits. RESULTS: Secondary urinary dead spaces were found in the fornices of compound papillae only, which were located at the poles of the kidneys. This feature correlated with a higher incidence of stones in these areas at the time of lithotripsy. Calcium oxalate crystals tended not to attach to either the renal papilla nor the pelvic sidewall unless these epithelia were previously injured with hydrochloric acid. CONCLUSION: The renal collecting system may serve as an anatomic site for crystal retention and growth but is unlikely to be the principal site for crystal attachment, unless prior cellular injury occurs.
BACKGROUND: The anatomic site where the initial kidney stone grows to a clinically significant size is unknown. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We studied human forniceal anatomy by microdissection and correlated the anatomic findings with the clinical presentation of kidney stones. In addition, we examined crystal attachment sites within the collecting system by direct infusion of calcium oxalate crystals into the renal pelvis of rabbits. RESULTS: Secondary urinary dead spaces were found in the fornices of compound papillae only, which were located at the poles of the kidneys. This feature correlated with a higher incidence of stones in these areas at the time of lithotripsy. Calcium oxalate crystals tended not to attach to either the renal papilla nor the pelvic sidewall unless these epithelia were previously injured with hydrochloric acid. CONCLUSION: The renal collecting system may serve as an anatomic site for crystal retention and growth but is unlikely to be the principal site for crystal attachment, unless prior cellular injury occurs.