Performance indicators for discharge planning: a focused review of the literature.

The literature on discharge planning was reviewed with the aim of developing performance indicators to complement the phases of successful discharge planning of: assessment of need, development of plans, implementation of plans and evaluation of outcome. The researchers suggest that these four phases link closely with steps in the Total Quality Management (TQM) cycle of thinking, planning, acting and reviewing. The literature review took account of stakeholders in discharge planning, defining them as hospital and community services, funding bodies and patients and carers. While the literature generally supports the need to develop discharge planning performance indicators, there were few concrete examples that reflected all phases of discharge planning or the needs of all stakeholders. The literature has focused largely on nursing discharge planning activities for specific patient groups, and/or particular hospital and community settings, and has commonly addressed only one or two phases of discharge planning. There were few articles that explored health outcome or cost savings derived from discharge planning on a large scale or over the longer term. The researchers conceptualised a notion of domains of quality discharge planning (efficiency of discharge planning process, timeliness of decision-making, stakeholder satisfaction and managing impediments to discharge), and propose performance indicators that address each discharge planning phase from the perspective of stakeholders.