Dependence of stretch reflexes on amplitude and bandwidth of stretch in human wrist muscle.

The tonic stretch reflex was investigated using small-amplitude displacements (<4.2 degrees ) of the wrist while subjects maintained average contraction levels of 25% of maximum in flexor carpi radialis. The wrist displacements were designed to preclude voluntary following but at the same time were confined to the frequency range most relevant to voluntary movements. They included a broad-frequency band (0-12 Hz) signal as well as sets of narrow-band signals spanning the range from 0 to 10 Hz. The maximum frequency was set so as to remain within the linear encoding bandwidth of the reflex system and thereby minimize distortion. The effects of frequency bandwidth and amplitude of the displacement perturbations were tested in separate experiments. The coherence square, gain and phase between the EMG and angular displacement were calculated in order to characterize the stretch reflex under these conditions. It was found that the phase of the reflex response was dependent on both bandwidth and amplitude. For narrow-band displacements, the phase advance was about 30 degrees greater over the frequency range tested than for broad-band displacements, suggesting that the reflex response may be influenced by the predictability of the perturbation. At the smallest amplitude of 0.3 degrees, the peak phase advance was about 20 degrees greater than at the largest amplitude of 4.2 degrees. The gain was also higher and rose more steeply with frequency at smaller amplitudes. In the frequency range up to 12 Hz, the tonic stretch reflex responds most effectively to smaller-amplitude, more regular, higher-frequency inputs and this is consistent with a role for the reflex in counteracting small-amplitude oscillations, tremors and errors of voluntary movement.