Epidemiology and control of brucellosis in ruminants from 1986 to 1996 in Malta.

The epidemiology and control of Brucella melitensis in Malta was analysed using herd test data made available by the Veterinary Service of Malta. The eradication scheme commenced in 1987 with the introduction of a test and slaughter scheme using the Rose Bengal test. Herds registered with Malta Dairy Products Limited (MDP) showed a herd prevalence of 23% in 1987 which fell to less than 1.5% by 1993. Prevalence rose to 13% in 1995. Herds not delivering milk to the MDP showed an initial herd prevalence of 4% which fell below 1% in 1994, remaining under 2% in 1995. The epidemic in 1995 caused approximately 300 human brucellosis cases. Large herds and herds with small ruminants were most at risk to brucellosis infection. Seasonal fluctuation of prevalence was apparent. Increased enforcement of regulations and motivation of farmers would accelerate eradication of brucellosis in Malta.