OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the increased risk of type 1 diabetes conferred by an early introduction of cow's milk supplements can be mediated by accelerated growth in formula-fed infants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: All children < or = 14 years of age who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes from September 1986 to April 1989 were invited to participate in the study. Birth date- and sex-matched control children were randomly selected from the Finnish Population Registry. At least three weight measurements from the first year of life were obtained for 435 full-term diabetic subjects and 386 control subjects from well-baby clinics and school health care units. RESULTS: Increase in body weight was greater in the diabetic girls than in the control girls, and the difference increased from 111 g (95% CI 0-218, P = 0.04) at 1 month of age to 286 g (95% CI 123-450, P = 0.0006) at 7 months. For boys, the difference in weight between the diabetic subjects and the control subjects remained stable during infancy (difference 95 g, 95% CI-2-205, P = 0.09). Increased weight was associated on average with a 1.5-fold risk of type 1 diabetes. Early introduction of formula feeding (< 3 vs. > or = 3 months) was also associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes after adjustment for the individual weight gain curve (adjusted odds ratio 1.53, 95% CI 1.1-2.2). No evidence for interaction was observed. CONCLUSIONS: These observations indicate that an early exposure to cow's milk formula-feeding and rapid growth in infancy are independent risk factors of childhood type 1 diabetes.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the increased risk of type 1 diabetes conferred by an early introduction of cow's milk supplements can be mediated by accelerated growth in formula-fed infants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: All children < or = 14 years of age who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes from September 1986 to April 1989 were invited to participate in the study. Birth date- and sex-matched control children were randomly selected from the Finnish Population Registry. At least three weight measurements from the first year of life were obtained for 435 full-term diabetic subjects and 386 control subjects from well-baby clinics and school health care units. RESULTS: Increase in body weight was greater in the diabeticgirls than in the control girls, and the difference increased from 111 g (95% CI 0-218, P = 0.04) at 1 month of age to 286 g (95% CI 123-450, P = 0.0006) at 7 months. For boys, the difference in weight between the diabetic subjects and the control subjects remained stable during infancy (difference 95 g, 95% CI-2-205, P = 0.09). Increased weight was associated on average with a 1.5-fold risk of type 1 diabetes. Early introduction of formula feeding (< 3 vs. > or = 3 months) was also associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes after adjustment for the individual weight gain curve (adjusted odds ratio 1.53, 95% CI 1.1-2.2). No evidence for interaction was observed. CONCLUSIONS: These observations indicate that an early exposure to cow's milk formula-feeding and rapid growth in infancy are independent risk factors of childhood type 1 diabetes.
Authors: Elinor L Sullivan; Heidi M Rivera; Cadence A True; Juliana G Franco; Karalee Baquero; Tyler A Dean; Jeanette C Valleau; Diana L Takahashi; Tim Frazee; Genevieve Hanna; Melissa A Kirigiti; Leigh A Bauman; Kevin L Grove; Paul Kievit Journal: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Date: 2017-04-12 Impact factor: 3.619
Authors: K Karavanaki; E Tsoka; M Liacopoulou; C Karayianni; V Petrou; E Pippidou; M Brisimitzi; M Mavrikiou; K Kakleas; C Dacou-Voutetakis Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2008-05 Impact factor: 4.256
Authors: Chris R Cardwell; Lars C Stene; Geir Joner; Max K Bulsara; Ondrej Cinek; Joachim Rosenbauer; Johnny Ludvigsson; Mireia Jané; Jannet Svensson; Michael J Goldacre; Thomas Waldhoer; Przemyslawa Jarosz-Chobot; Suely G A Gimeno; Lee-Ming Chuang; Roger C Parslow; Emma J K Wadsworth; Amanda Chetwynd; Paolo Pozzilli; Girts Brigis; Brone Urbonaite; Sandra Sipetic; Edith Schober; Gabriele Devoti; Constantin Ionescu-Tirgoviste; Carine E de Beaufort; Denka Stoyanov; Karsten Buschard; Chris C Patterson Journal: Diabetes Date: 2009-10-29 Impact factor: 9.461