A critical review of research on psychosocial treatment of schizophrenia.

In the following review, the evidence for the effectiveness of the psychosocial treatments of schizophrenia are evaluated. Although most studies focus on relapse and hospitalization, when available, we present information on other domains of outcome (e.g., social adjustment and employment). We begin with family treatments for schizophrenia, then intensive case management, followed by social skills training, supported employment programs, and finally, individual psychotherapy. The topics have been chosen in descending order of available critical supportive studies. Recommendations for specific psychosocial interventions (including target populations) are discussed. Overall psychosocial treatments have been shown to reduce schizophrenic relapses but have not convincingly generalized to improving other facets of the illness. Despite this, psychosocial treatments should be supported and further research to improve them is necessary.