Short-term outcome of rhinoplasty for medical or cosmetic indication.

Psychological effects of rhinoplastic operations were evaluated in male and female patients who had sought surgical correction because of psychological distress caused by the appearance of the nose or because of a medical referral to correct functional disorders. Seventy-two patients selected by gender and operation motivation were asked to fill out the MPI and the IPAT Anxiety scale 2-3 months before and 8 months after the operation. Results at follow-up highlighted a significant decrease of the mean Neuroticism and Anxiety scores and an increase in Extroversion scores in the group as a whole. The psychological benefits gained by the female patients were greater than those of the males. Patients whose motivation was exclusively aesthetic were, overall, more psychologically distressed than those with a functional motivation.