The chronoinotropic effects of new regulatory input to the heart of land pulmonates.

The postjunctional potentials and chronoinotropic reactions of the heart evoked by activation of multimodal neurons and/or left pallial nerve were investigated in three species of land pulmonates: Achatina fulica Ferrussac, Helix lucorum L., Arianta arbustorum L. Both spikes of giant homologous neurons (d-VLN, d-RPLN by A. fulica, command neurons of pneumostoma LPa3, RPa3 by H. lucorum) and stimulation of the peripheral end of the left pallial nerve evoked the similar biphasic inhibitory-excitatory junction potentials in the heart, in mantle muscles and in different parts of visceral complex. The positive chronoinotropic effects of this input in the hearts of whole-mount preparations were modified due to interaction with well-known neural cardioregulating network of the system of intestinal nerve.