New approaches to the treatment of canine demodicosis.

Topical amitraz is the only approved treatment for CGD; however, it is not always effective or well tolerated. Extra-label use of amitraz, milbemycin oxime, ivermectin, and moxidectin may be effective therapeutical alternatives for dogs with resistant CGD or dogs that have an intolerance to the licensed amitraz protocol. It appears that oral administration of milbemycin oxime (1-2 mg/kg), ivermectin (400-600 micrograms/kg), and moxidectin (400 micrograms/kg) daily is a practical therapeutical alternative and would provide similar cure rates. Nevertheless, milbemycin oxime is expensive, ivermectin is potentially more toxic, and only limited information is available on moxidectin. The average treatment duration with these new regimens is 4 months, with an expected range of 3 to 10 months. Treatment should be administered daily for a minimum of 3 months and for at least 1 month after a series of negative skin scrapings. For chronic cases or cases that take a relatively long time to respond to therapy, 2 to 3 months of treatment beyond negative scrapings may be more appropriate. Dogs with CGD always approach clinical normalcy weeks to months before negative skin scrapings are obtained. All dogs respond at their own rate; as long as the skin scrapings at each visit show fewer mites, the current therapy should be continued for an additional month. If the mite count starts to increase, this may suggest that the treatment protocol is not being followed or it may be that the therapy chosen was suboptimally effective. Although CGD is still a disease that is not easily treated, the prognosis for dogs with this disorder has dramatically improved in the past few years. It must be remembered, however, that the treatment alternatives for CGD described above are not approved and should not be used unless the approved therapeutical regimen has failed.