Relative stabilities of dinucleotide and tetranucleotide repeats in cultured mammalian cells.

The differences in rates of frameshift mutations between a dinucleotide repeat sequence [(CA)(17)] and a tetranucleotide repeat sequence [(GAAA)(17)] have been determined in immortalized, non-tumorigenic, mismatch repair-proficient mouse cells and in mismatch repair-defective human colorectal cancer cells. Clones with mutations were selected on the basis of restoration of activity of a bacterial neomycin resistance gene whose reading frame was disrupted by insertion of the microsatellite upstream of the translation initiation codon. This gene was introduced into the cells on a plasmid, which integrated into the genome of the host cells. Mutation rates of the tetra-nucleotide repeat were much lower than those of the dinucleotide repeat in both cell types. In addition, independent subclones of the colorectal cancer cell line were assayed by PCR for instability of endo-gen-ous tetranucleotide and dinucleotide repeat sequen-ces. In all cases, the mutation frequencies of the dinucleotide repeats were higher than those of the tetranucleotide repeats.