Modulation of human cytotrophoblastic leptin secretion by interleukin-1alpha and 17beta-oestradiol and its effect on HCG secretion.

To investigate the role of leptin during pregnancy, we assessed leptin production by pure cultured human cytotrophoblastic cells (CTB), its regulation by cytokines and 17beta-oestradiol and its effects on human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) secretion. Purified CTB from first trimester placenta were incubated in duplicates in the presence or absence of cytokines or 17beta-oestradiol. Medium was harvested on day 2 and the culture stopped on day 4. Results were corrected for protein content of each individual well and expressed as percent of controls per day (mean +/- SEM). Basal CTB leptin production was 25.2 +/- 2.6 (ng/mg prot). In comparison with controls, leptin production was stimulated to 320 +/- 16% (P < 0.0001) and 195 +/- 3.2% (P < 0.0004) by 3 and 10 ng/ml of interleukin-1alpha respectively. 17beta-oestradiol 10(-6) to 10(-9) mol/l increased basal leptin production 5-9-fold, while 10(-5) mol/l had no such effect. Basal CTB HCG secretion was 5722 +/- 1055 (mIU/mg prot). There was a dose-dependent leptin-induced increase in HCG secretion (P = 0.0039) reaching a 5-fold increase with a leptin concentration of 1 microg/ml (P < 0.006). Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 8.5 x 10(-8) mol/l significantly increased HCG secretion to 140 +/- 21% of controls (P = 0.031). Cetrorelix (0.1 microg/ml) inhibited leptin-induced HCG secretion (P = 0.0028).