Cost-sharing and pharmaceutical utilisation and expenditure in Russia.

This paper presents estimates of the impact of exemption status, and other socio-economic variables, on pharmaceutical use in Russia. Estimates are derived from a newly collected household survey covering around four thousand households. Separate results for a zero-inflated negbin model of utilisation of prescriptions and for a two-part model of the overall level of household expenditure on pharmaceuticals are presented. Full exemption from prescription charges is shown to increase the utilisation of prescription items and reduce the probability of the households incurring drug expenditure.