Polypharmacy management in Medicare managed care: changes in prescribing by primary care physicians resulting from a program promoting medication reviews.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of medication reviews by primary care physicians on prescriptions written for elderly members of a Medicare managed care organization who were at risk for polypharmacy. STUDY
DESIGN: Prospective study with follow-up survey. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a study in 1995 to demonstrate the prevalence of polypharmacy (defined as receiving 5 or more prescription medications during the 3-month study period) among elderly members of our managed care organization. Two years later, elderly members identified as being at risk for polypharmacy were sent a letter encouraging them to schedule a medication review with their primary care physician. Each primary care physician was provided with clinical practice guidelines on polypharmacy and patient-specific medication management reports. Patients and physicians were subsequently mailed a survey to assess the impact of the medication review program on prescribing practices.
RESULTS: Of 37,372 elderly members screened, 5737 (15%) were at risk for polypharmacy. Of these, 2615 (46%) responded to the follow-up survey. Of the survey respondents, 1087 (42%) had gone to their primary care physician for a medication review. During the review, 96% of patients discussed their prescription medications and 72% discussed nonprescription medications they were taking. Twenty percent reported that their physician discontinued medications, 29% reported that the physician changed the dose of a medication, and 17% informed their physician about a new prescription or nonprescription medication they were taking. Of the 275 primary care physicians surveyed, 56 (20%) returned the questionnaire. Of these, 61% reported that the medication review program was "very" or "somewhat useful." Thirty-five percent reported discontinuing unnecessary medications, and 23% reported decreasing the frequency of dosing. Overall, 45% of physicians reported making at least one change in their prescribing to a member at risk for polypharmacy.
CONCLUSIONS: Our program promoting medication reviews between primary care physicians and their elderly patients resulted in significant changes in prescribing by physicians. This type of program is likely to decrease the risk of polypharmacy among older members of a Medicare managed care organization.