Health-related quality of life measurements in the assessment of pain clinic results.

Following the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of impairment, disability and subjective quality of life, chronic pain disorder has been examined. In this overview impairment has been restricted to non-malignant pain. Disability has been subdivided into disorder-oriented and ailment-oriented symptoms. The disorder-oriented symptoms are pain and depression, the latter emphasizing that pain is an unpleasant sensation. Both pain and depression are essentially subjectively reported symptoms which are unidimensionel, implying that they often are measured by use of visual analog scales. However, the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) are appropriate questionnaires itemizing the respective dimensions. The ailment-oriented symptoms have negative social well-being as their core-symptoms, including reduced role-functioning. The Short-Form (SF-36) is an appropriate scale in this respect. Subjective quality of life is essentially measuring positive well-being and the most appropriate measurement instrument is the Psychological Well-Being Schedule (PGWB) or its subscales, among which is the WHO (Five) well-being index.