OBJECTIVE: To assess the factors that increase or decrease the risk of pneumonia with particular attention to immunization with pneumococcal and influenza vaccines in a group of HIV-infected persons. DESIGN: A retrospective, case-control study based on information entered into a standard database and the medical record. SETTING: Patients attending a referral clinic specializing in AIDS/HIV care at a public hospital. PATIENTS: Among over 2000 subjects entered into a database in 8 years, 127 incidents of pneumonia were identified from the record. These cases were matched with 127 CD4 cell count matched, concurrent controls. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The principal hypothesis was that chart review would find a decreased frequency of pneumococcal immunization in the pneumonia cases compared with matched controls. RESULTS: Pneumococcal immunization was associated with a reduction of the risk of pneumonia by nearly 70%. The effect was seen even when immunization was given with a CD4 cell count of less than 100/mm3. Injection drug users and African-Americans had a twofold increased risk of pneumonia. CONCLUSION: The study provides data to support the current recommendation for pneumococcal immunization of all HIV-infected persons. Although this conclusion could lead to renewed enthusiasm for increasing pneumococcal immunization rates in HIV-infected persons, it must be recognized that the study is observational and ascertainment bias cannot be excluded.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the factors that increase or decrease the risk of pneumonia with particular attention to immunization with pneumococcal and influenza vaccines in a group of HIV-infectedpersons. DESIGN: A retrospective, case-control study based on information entered into a standard database and the medical record. SETTING:Patients attending a referral clinic specializing in AIDS/HIV care at a public hospital. PATIENTS: Among over 2000 subjects entered into a database in 8 years, 127 incidents of pneumonia were identified from the record. These cases were matched with 127 CD4 cell count matched, concurrent controls. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The principal hypothesis was that chart review would find a decreased frequency of pneumococcal immunization in the pneumonia cases compared with matched controls. RESULTS:Pneumococcal immunization was associated with a reduction of the risk of pneumonia by nearly 70%. The effect was seen even when immunization was given with a CD4 cell count of less than 100/mm3. Injection drug users and African-Americans had a twofold increased risk of pneumonia. CONCLUSION: The study provides data to support the current recommendation for pneumococcal immunization of all HIV-infectedpersons. Although this conclusion could lead to renewed enthusiasm for increasing pneumococcal immunization rates in HIV-infectedpersons, it must be recognized that the study is observational and ascertainment bias cannot be excluded.
Authors: Ashraf S Ibrahim; Brad J Spellberg; Valentina Avenissian; Yue Fu; Scott G Filler; John E Edwards Journal: Infect Immun Date: 2005-02 Impact factor: 3.441
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Authors: Myint Tin Tin Htar; Anke L Stuurman; Germano Ferreira; Cristiano Alicino; Kaatje Bollaerts; Chiara Paganino; Ralf René Reinert; Heinz-Josef Schmitt; Cecilia Trucchi; Thomas Vestraeten; Filippo Ansaldi Journal: PLoS One Date: 2017-05-23 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Maria Amelia S M Veras; Wayne T A Enanoria; Euclides A Castilho; Arthur L Reingold Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2007-10-23 Impact factor: 3.090