Knock-out mouse models used to study neurobiological systems.

The use of knock-out mice to examine problems relevant to neurobiology is rapidly expanding. Knock-out mice have been used to study the role of particular gene products in biochemical processes, in mediating the effects of neuropharmacological substances, and in complex behaviors. The advantages and disadvantages of using knock-out mice to study neurobiological problems are discussed here, and the current state of knock-out technology is reviewed briefly. The use of knock-out mice to elucidate the functions of molecules involved in signaling through various neurotransmitter systems is then examined. Approaches to complex neurobiological problems such as the biochemical basis of learning and memory and the molecular basis of drug abuse are also explored.