CONTEXT: The transmission of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been documented, but the prevalence of such transmission is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess the spectrum and frequency of antiretroviral susceptibility among subjects with primary HIV infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Retrospective analysis of 141 subjects identified from clinical research centers in 5 major metropolitan areas, enrolled from 1989 to 1998, with HIV seroconversion within the preceding 12 months and no more than 7 days' prior antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Phenotypic and genotypic ARV susceptibility of HIV from plasma samples. RESULTS: The transmission of drug-resistant HIV as assessed by a greater than 10-fold reduction in ARV susceptibility to 1 or more drugs was observed in 3 (2%) of 141 subjects, including to a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in 1 patient and to a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and a protease inhibitor in 2 patients. Population-based sequence analysis of these 3 samples identified multidrug-resistance mutations in reverse transcriptase (M184V, T215Y, K219K/R) and protease (L101/V, K20R, M361, M46I, G48V, L63P, A71T, V771, V82T, 184V, L90M) in the 2 latter patient samples, along with numerous polymorphisms. A reduction in susceptibility of greater than 2.5- to 10-fold to 1 or more drugs was observed in viral isolates from 36 patients (26%). Sequence analysis of these 36 samples identified well-characterized drug resistance mutation in reverse transcriptase and protease in only 1 of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in drug susceptibility of more than 10-fold were rare among this cohort of recently HIV-infected subjects and were distributed among each of the 3 major classes of ARV drugs tested. Reductions in susceptibility of more than 2.5- to 10-fold to certain ARV drugs of unknown clinical significance were highly prevalent among newly infected patients. Resistance testing may be warranted to monitor the frequency of drug resistance over time and to assess the potential for geographic variability.
CONTEXT: The transmission of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been documented, but the prevalence of such transmission is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess the spectrum and frequency of antiretroviral susceptibility among subjects with primary HIV infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Retrospective analysis of 141 subjects identified from clinical research centers in 5 major metropolitan areas, enrolled from 1989 to 1998, with HIV seroconversion within the preceding 12 months and no more than 7 days' prior antiretroviral (ARV) therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Phenotypic and genotypic ARV susceptibility of HIV from plasma samples. RESULTS: The transmission of drug-resistant HIV as assessed by a greater than 10-fold reduction in ARV susceptibility to 1 or more drugs was observed in 3 (2%) of 141 subjects, including to a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in 1 patient and to a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and a protease inhibitor in 2 patients. Population-based sequence analysis of these 3 samples identified multidrug-resistance mutations in reverse transcriptase (M184V, T215Y, K219K/R) and protease (L101/V, K20R, M361, M46I, G48V, L63P, A71T, V771, V82T, 184V, L90M) in the 2 latter patient samples, along with numerous polymorphisms. A reduction in susceptibility of greater than 2.5- to 10-fold to 1 or more drugs was observed in viral isolates from 36 patients (26%). Sequence analysis of these 36 samples identified well-characterized drug resistance mutation in reverse transcriptase and protease in only 1 of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Reductions in drug susceptibility of more than 10-fold were rare among this cohort of recently HIV-infected subjects and were distributed among each of the 3 major classes of ARV drugs tested. Reductions in susceptibility of more than 2.5- to 10-fold to certain ARV drugs of unknown clinical significance were highly prevalent among newly infectedpatients. Resistance testing may be warranted to monitor the frequency of drug resistance over time and to assess the potential for geographic variability.
Authors: Robert M Grant; Daniel R Kuritzkes; Victoria A Johnson; John W Mellors; John L Sullivan; Ronald Swanstrom; Richard T D'Aquila; Mark Van Gorder; Mark Holodniy; Robert M Lloyd; Caroline Reid; Gillian F Morgan; Dean L Winslow Journal: J Clin Microbiol Date: 2003-04 Impact factor: 5.948
Authors: Fatih M Uckun; Sanjive Qazi; Sharon Pendergrass; Elizabeth Lisowski; Barbara Waurzyniak; Chun-Lin Chen; T K Venkatachalam Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2002-11 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Ana T Dumans; Marcelo A Soares; Danuta Pieniazek; Marcia L Kalish; Veronique De Vroey; Kurt Hertogs; Amilcar Tanuri Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2002-09 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Miguel E Quiñones-Mateu; Mahlet Tadele; Mariona Parera; Antonio Mas; Jan Weber; Héctor R Rangel; Bikram Chakraborty; Bonaventura Clotet; Esteban Domingo; Luis Menéndez-Arias; Miguel A Martínez Journal: J Virol Date: 2002-10 Impact factor: 5.103