Multiphasic morphine modulation of substance P release from capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent fibers.

Morphine produces a multiphasic modulation of K+-evoked substance P release from trigeminal slices and dorsal root ganglion neurons in culture. We now found that the C-fiber stimulant, capsaicin (1 microM), evoked release of substance P that was inhibited, enhanced and inhibited by 0.1 nM, 1 microM, and 10 microM morphine, respectively. This morphine's multiphasic effect was blocked by naloxone (100 nM). Neonatal treatment with capsaicin produced thermal hypoalgesia and abolished the multiphasic effect of morphine on substance P release evoked by 50 mM K+. These findings suggest that the multiphasic modulation of substance P release by morphine is dependent on C-type afferents and may be of relevance to nociception.