BACKGROUND: Studies have been shown that intraocular pressure (IOP) shows a diurnal variation in ocular hypertensive subjects, but the amount of change differs from study to study. In recent years it has been noted that intraocular pressure is a dynamic function and is subjected to many influences both acutely and over the long term. The variability in the results may be due to negligence of factors that can affect IOP. Moreover, seasonal variations in the ocular hypertensive subjects have never been described. After placing control on those factors that can affect IOP, this study investigated seasonal and diurnal variations in IOP of ocular hypertensive subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: IOP was measured each month over the course of 12 months with the Goldmann applanation tonometer in 91 ocular hypertensive male subjects. To see the diurnal changes, subjects were asked to stay in the hospital for 24 hours. RESULTS: The average IOP in the winter months was higher than those in spring, summer, and autumn. The IOP difference between winter and summer was (mean +/- sem) 2.9 +/- 0.9 mmHg (p < 0.001). The peak of mean IOP in diurnal variation curve (25.7 +/- 1.2 mmHg) appeared in the morning when the subjects had just awaken. The mean diurnal variation was found to be 4.2 +/- 0.6 mmHg (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that seasons influence IOP and it shows diurnal variations. As compared to other nations, diurnal variations in ocular hypertensive subjects seem to be somewhat less in Pakistan. Knowledge of the seasonal and diurnal variations in IOP may help glaucoma screeners.
BACKGROUND: Studies have been shown that intraocular pressure (IOP) shows a diurnal variation in ocular hypertensive subjects, but the amount of change differs from study to study. In recent years it has been noted that intraocular pressure is a dynamic function and is subjected to many influences both acutely and over the long term. The variability in the results may be due to negligence of factors that can affect IOP. Moreover, seasonal variations in the ocular hypertensive subjects have never been described. After placing control on those factors that can affect IOP, this study investigated seasonal and diurnal variations in IOP of ocular hypertensive subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: IOP was measured each month over the course of 12 months with the Goldmann applanation tonometer in 91 ocular hypertensive male subjects. To see the diurnal changes, subjects were asked to stay in the hospital for 24 hours. RESULTS: The average IOP in the winter months was higher than those in spring, summer, and autumn. The IOP difference between winter and summer was (mean +/- sem) 2.9 +/- 0.9 mmHg (p < 0.001). The peak of mean IOP in diurnal variation curve (25.7 +/- 1.2 mmHg) appeared in the morning when the subjects had just awaken. The mean diurnal variation was found to be 4.2 +/- 0.6 mmHg (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that seasons influence IOP and it shows diurnal variations. As compared to other nations, diurnal variations in ocular hypertensive subjects seem to be somewhat less in Pakistan. Knowledge of the seasonal and diurnal variations in IOP may help glaucoma screeners.
Authors: M Gómez-Mariscal; B Puerto; F J Muñoz-Negrete; V de Juan; G Rebolleda Journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Date: 2019-06-28 Impact factor: 3.117
Authors: Y-H Kim; S W Jung; G-E Nam; K Do Han; A R Bok; S J Baek; K-H Cho; Y S Choi; S-M Kim; S-Y Ju; D-H Kim Journal: Eye (Lond) Date: 2014-03-07 Impact factor: 3.775
Authors: Ester Reina-Torres; Jacques A Bertrand; Jeffrey O'Callaghan; Joseph M Sherwood; Peter Humphries; Darryl R Overby Journal: Exp Eye Res Date: 2019-07-24 Impact factor: 3.467
Authors: Ozan-Yüksel Tektas; Christian Manfred Hammer; John Danias; Oscar Candia; Rosana Gerometta; Steven M Podos; Elke Lütjen-Drecoll Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2010-03-17 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Christina E Morettin; Daniel K Roberts; Tricia L Newman; Yongyi Yang; Janice M McMahon; Mary Flynn Roberts; Bruce A Teitelbaum; Janis E Winters Journal: J Glaucoma Date: 2021-11-01 Impact factor: 2.503
Authors: Michelle P Y Chan; Carlota M Grossi; Anthony P Khawaja; Jennifer L Y Yip; Kay-Tee Khaw; Praveen J Patel; Peng T Khaw; James E Morgan; Stephen A Vernon; Paul J Foster Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2016-01-13 Impact factor: 12.079