Interferon gene transfer by a hepatitis B virus vector efficiently suppresses wild-type virus infection.

Hepatitis B viruses specifically target the liver, where they efficiently infect quiescent hepatocytes. Here we show that human and avian hepatitis B viruses can be converted into vectors for liver-directed gene transfer. These vectors allow hepatocyte-specific expression of a green fluorescent protein in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, when used to transduce a type I interferon gene, expression of interferon efficiently suppresses wild-type virus replication in the duck model of hepatitis B virus infection. These data suggest local cytokine production after hepatitis-B-virus-mediated gene transfer as a promising concept for the treatment of acquired liver diseases, including chronic hepatitis B.