Reactivity and event-related potentials during attentional tests in athletes.

A series of attentional tests involving reaction times (RTs) was administered to 12 high-level young (age 17-18 years) volleyball players. During the tests, event-related potentials were recorded by electroencephalogram. In a simple reaction-time test (SRT), the subjects had to respond to a letter that appeared on a white screen. Other tests (attentional shifting tests) consisted of a go/no-go reaction time and a choice reaction time (CRT), divided into a short-latency CRT and a long-latency CRT. In the pre-stimulus period of these tests, there is a shift from broad attention to selective attention, represented by a crowding of black points on the computer screen, followed by the appearance of a letter in the centre of the crowding. The results show that RT increased from SRT to CRT. In the attentional shifting tests, averaged waves of event-related potentials showed a contingent-negative-variation-like wave that was closely related to selective attention (selective attention wave, SAW) before the onset of the stimulus. After the stimulus, a P3 complex was recorded. Correlations were found between the SAW amplitude and P3 latency and amplitude, and between these parameters and RT and its variability. Higher SAW and P3 amplitudes were accompanied by a shorter RT and a lower variability. The characteristics and the correlations that exist between the various parameters are consistent with a possible use of these tests in the analysis of the attentional styles of athletes, and in the evaluation of their progress with training.