PURPOSE: To determine the effect of zinc on the in vitro formation of calcium phosphates and its relevance to calculus inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Different types of calcium phosphate phases (amorphous calcium phosphate, ACP; dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, DCPD; octacalcium phosphate, OCP; and carbonate hydoxyapatite, CHA) were precipitated from solutions containing increasing concentrations of zinc (Zn) ions. The precipitates were characterized using x-ray diffraction, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The presence of Zn ions affected the type and amount of calcium phosphate phases formed. Zn, even at concentrations as low as 0.1 mM/L, inhibited the crystal growth of DCPD, OCP and AP; and, at higher concentrations (0.5 mM to 2 mM/L), promoted the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate, ACP, or Zn-substituted tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) depending on the reaction pH and temperature.
PURPOSE: To determine the effect of zinc on the in vitro formation of calcium phosphates and its relevance to calculus inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Different types of calcium phosphate phases (amorphous calcium phosphate, ACP; dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, DCPD; octacalcium phosphate, OCP; and carbonate hydoxyapatite, CHA) were precipitated from solutions containing increasing concentrations of zinc (Zn) ions. The precipitates were characterized using x-ray diffraction, infrared absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The presence of Zn ions affected the type and amount of calcium phosphate phases formed. Zn, even at concentrations as low as 0.1 mM/L, inhibited the crystal growth of DCPD, OCP and AP; and, at higher concentrations (0.5 mM to 2 mM/L), promoted the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate, ACP, or Zn-substituted tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) depending on the reaction pH and temperature.
Authors: Gregory E Tasian; Michelle E Ross; Lihai Song; Robert W Grundmeier; James Massey; Michelle R Denburg; Lawrence Copelovitch; Steven Warner; Thomas Chi; David W Killilea; Marshall L Stoller; Susan L Furth Journal: J Urol Date: 2016-11-23 Impact factor: 7.450
Authors: Krishna Ramaswamy; David W Killilea; Pankaj Kapahi; Arnold J Kahn; Thomas Chi; Marshall L Stoller Journal: Nat Rev Urol Date: 2015-09-01 Impact factor: 14.432
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