Characterization of auxin-binding protein 1 from tobacco: content, localization and auxin-binding activity.

There is evidence that auxin-binding protein 1 (ABP1) is an auxin receptor on the plasma membrane. Maize (Zea mays L.) possesses a high level of auxin-binding activity due to ABP1, but no other plant source has been shown to possess such an activity. We have analyzed the ABP1 content of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to examine whether or not the ABP1 content of maize is exceptionally high among plants. The ABP1 content of tobacco leaves was shown by quantitative immunoblot analysis to be between 0.7 and 1.2 microg ABP1 per gram of fresh leaf. This value is comparable to the reported value in maize shoots, indicating that ABP1 is present at a similar level in both monocot and dicot plants. The ABP1 content of tobacco leaves was increased up to 20-fold by expression of a recombinant ABP1 gene, and decreased to half of the original value by expression of the antisense gene. Although ABP1 was found mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum fraction, a secreted protein showing a molecular size and epitopes similar to intracellular ABP1 was also detected in the culture medium of tobacco leaf disks. The secretion of this protein was dependent on the expression level of the ABP1 gene.