Narrowing the distance to language: one step at a time.

Infants' earliest attempts at word segmentation appear to be guided by a single source of information (e.g., English-learners initially rely on the predominant stress pattern of words). This initial strategy successfully identifies many potential words in the input, but mis-segments others. However, simply breaking the input into smaller chunks helps learners to identify other possible cues to the location of word boundaries in utterances. Because no one source of information is completely reliable, listeners must eventually rely on multiple cues to segment words. The development of such skills is not critical for developing a native language vocabulary, but also for acquiring the grammatical organization of utterances. Tracking familiar sound patterns, such as function words and grammatical morphemes, may help in learning about syntactic organization. One factor that facilitates learning about the distribution of such elements is sensitivity to boundaries of prosodic phrases. Access to such linguistically-relevant chunks also helps in tracking the distribution of words in the input.