CD26 and adenosine deaminase interaction: its role in the fusion between horse membrane vesicles and spermatozoa.

Membrane vesicles of horse seminal plasma present at their surface a highly specific serine-type protease, dipeptidyl peptidase IV/CD26, a surface antigen known to characterize human prostasomes. Horse sperm cells expressed at their surface A(1) adenosine receptors (A(1)AR) and ecto-adenosine deaminase (ecto-ADA), both detected by immunoblot analysis, whereas CD26 was visualized at the equatorial segment by immunofluorescence microscopy. In addition to CD26, horse membrane vesicles showed ecto-ADA. The fusion process between horse sperm cells and vesicles was evidenced by confocal microscopy, which showed the localization of CD26 at the postacrosomal region and at the midpiece of the spermatozoa after incubation with vesicles. Moreover, a similar localization of CD26 and ecto-ADA on the spermatozoa was evidenced after fusion. Our results suggest that the interaction CD26/ecto-ADA might be responsible for fusion. Since A(1)ARs are said to be second receptors for ecto-ADA to form ecto-ADA/A(1)AR complexes, and since horse spermatozoa have A(1)ARs at their surface, the interaction CD26/ecto-ADA/A(1)AR during the fusion process cannot be ruled out.