Oral rehydration therapy plus loperamide versus loperamide alone in the treatment of traveler's diarrhea.

Eighty United States students in Mexico received either loperamide (an initial dose of 4 mg, followed by 2 mg after passage of each unformed stool, up to 8 mg/d; 40 patients) or loperamide (at the same dosage schedule) plus an oral rehydration therapy (ORT) preparation (500 mL initially, followed by 250 mL after each subsequently passed unformed stool, up to 1,000 mL per 24 hours; 40 patients). The ORT preparation was a modification of the World Health Organization-recommended solution, adjusted to a sodium concentration of 60 mEq/L. All treatments were given for 48 hours. The study demonstrated equivalent clinical responses with regard to diminishment of diarrhea or subjective findings such as abdominal pain/cramps, headache, dry mouth, dizziness, or thirst. Stool number (by form) and specific gravity of urine postenrollment were similar in the groups. Administration of loperamide plus ORT for the management of traveler's diarrhea, in cases in which subjects were encouraged to drink ad libitum, offered no benefit over administration of loperamide alone.