BACKGROUND: In school-based smoking prevention research, it is still debatable whether parents or peers are most influential to maintained smoking among adolescents. As a result, this study examines the effects of parental and peer approval of smoking on adolescents' current levels of smoking. METHODS: Poisson random-effects regression models were used to assess the effects of parental and peer approval of smoking on adolescents' (n = 913) current level of smoking. RESULTS: Results of these analyses indicate that a stronger relationship between parental approval of smoking and current level of smoking was found for female adolescents than for male adolescents. Conversely, a stronger relationship between peer approval of smoking and current level of smoking was found for male adolescents than for female adolescents. With respect to race, the influence of parental approval of smoking on adolescents' current level of smoking was generally more pronounced for minority adolescents, relative to white adolescents. However, the influence of peer approval of smoking on current level of smoking was strongest for white adolescents and was less strong for black, Hispanic, and Asian adolescents. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrated that the effects of parental and peer approval of smoking on adolescents' current levels of smoking were varied by gender and race. These differential effects may have some implication for the development of future school-based smoking prevention and cessation programs. Copyright 1999 American Health Foundation and Academic Press.
BACKGROUND: In school-based smoking prevention research, it is still debatable whether parents or peers are most influential to maintained smoking among adolescents. As a result, this study examines the effects of parental and peer approval of smoking on adolescents' current levels of smoking. METHODS: Poisson random-effects regression models were used to assess the effects of parental and peer approval of smoking on adolescents' (n = 913) current level of smoking. RESULTS: Results of these analyses indicate that a stronger relationship between parental approval of smoking and current level of smoking was found for female adolescents than for male adolescents. Conversely, a stronger relationship between peer approval of smoking and current level of smoking was found for male adolescents than for female adolescents. With respect to race, the influence of parental approval of smoking on adolescents' current level of smoking was generally more pronounced for minority adolescents, relative to white adolescents. However, the influence of peer approval of smoking on current level of smoking was strongest for white adolescents and was less strong for black, Hispanic, and Asian adolescents. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrated that the effects of parental and peer approval of smoking on adolescents' current levels of smoking were varied by gender and race. These differential effects may have some implication for the development of future school-based smoking prevention and cessation programs. Copyright 1999 American Health Foundation and Academic Press.
Authors: Grace Kong; Deepa Camenga; Dana Cavallo; Christian M Connell; Jacqueline C Pflieger; Suchitra Krishnan-Sarin Journal: Am J Addict Date: 2012 Sep-Oct
Authors: Jessica L Barrington-Trimis; Kiros Berhane; Jennifer B Unger; Tess Boley Cruz; Jimi Huh; Adam M Leventhal; Robert Urman; Kejia Wang; Steve Howland; Tamika D Gilreath; Chih-Ping Chou; Mary Ann Pentz; Rob McConnell Journal: Pediatrics Date: 2015-08 Impact factor: 7.124